United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 聯(lián)合國國際合同使用電子通信公約 《聯(lián)合國國際合同使用電子通信公約》 (United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in InternationUnited Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic
Communications in International Contracts
聯(lián)合國國際合同使用電子通信公約
《聯(lián)合國國際合同使用電子通信公約》 (United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts) 于2005年11月23日經(jīng)聯(lián)合國貿易法委員會第三十八屆會議通過。該公約共四章25條，第一章適用范圍(適用范圍，不適用情形，當事人意思自治)，第二章總則（定義，解釋，當事人的所在地，對提供情況的要求），第三章國際合同使用電子通信（對電子通信的法律承認，形式要求，發(fā)出和收到電子通信的時間和地點，要約邀請，自動電文系統(tǒng)在合同訂立中的使用，合同條款的備查，電子通信中的錯誤），第四章最后條款（保存人，簽署、批準、接受或認可，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織的參與，對本國領土單位的效力，關于適用范圍的聲明，根據(jù)其他國際公約進行的通信往來，聲明的程序和效力，保留，生效，適用時間，退約）。公約的宗旨是在對國際合同使用電子通信的情形中增強法律確定性和商業(yè)可預見性。該公約處理的國際合同使用電子通信問題包括如何確定一方當事人在電子環(huán)境中的所在地；電子通信的收發(fā)時間和地點；使用自動信息系統(tǒng)訂立合同；以及確立電子通信和紙面文件（包括“原始”紙面文件）以及電子認證方法和手寫簽名功能上等同所使用的標準。
The States Parties to this Convention, Reaffirming their belief that international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, Noting that the increased use of electronic communications improves the efficiency of commercial activities, enhances trade connections and allows new access opportunities for previously remote parties and markets, thus playing a fundamental role in promoting trade and economic development, both domestically and internationally, Considering that problems created by uncertainty as to the legal value of the use of electronic communications in international contracts constitute an obstacle to international trade, Convinced that the adoption of uniform rules to remove obstacles to the use of electronic communications in international contracts, including obstacles that might result from the operation of existing international trade law instruments, would enhance legal certainty and commercial predictability for international contracts and help States gain access to modern trade routes, Being of the opinion that uniform rules should respect the freedom of parties to choose appropriate media and technologies, taking account of the principles of technological neutrality and functional equivalence, to the extent that the means chosen by the parties comply with the purpose of the relevant rules of law, Desiring to provide a common solution to remove legal obstacles to the use of electronic communications in a manner acceptable to States with different legal, social and economic systems, Have agreed as follows:
CHAPTER I. SPHERE OF APPLICATION 第一章 適用范圍
Article 1. Scope of application 第一條 適用范圍
1. This Convention applies to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract between parties whose places of business are in different States.
一、本公約適用于與營業(yè)地位于不同國家的當事人之間訂立或履行合同有關的電子通信的使用。
2. The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between the parties or from information disclosed by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.
二、當事人營業(yè)地位于不同國家，但這一事實只要未從合同或當事人之間的任何交往中或當事人在訂立合同之前任何時候或訂立合同之時披露的資料中顯示出來，即不予以考慮。
3. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.
三、在確定本公約是否適用時，既不考慮當事人的國籍，也不考慮當事人和合同的民事或商務性質。
Article 2. Exclusions 第二條 不適用情形
1. This Convention does not apply to electronic communications relating to any of the following:
一、本公約不適用于與下列情形有關的電子通信：
(a) Contracts concluded for personal, family or household purposes;
?、鍨閭€人、家人或家庭目的訂立的合同；
(b) (i) Transactions on a regulated exchange; (ii) foreign exchange transactions; (iii) inter-bank payment systems, inter-bank payment agreements or clearance and settlement systems relating to securities or other financial assets or instruments; (iv) the transfer of security rights in sale, loan or holding of or agreement to repurchase securities or other financial assets or instruments held with an intermediary.
?、?.受管制交易所的交易； 2.外匯交易； 3.銀行間支付系統(tǒng)、銀行間支付協(xié)議或者與證券或其他金融資產或票據(jù)有關的清算和結算系統(tǒng)； 4.對中間人持有的證券或其他金融資產或票據(jù)的擔保權的轉讓、出售、出借或持有或回購協(xié)議。
2. This Convention does not apply to bills of exchange, promissory notes, consignment notes, bills of lading, warehouse receipts or any transferable document or instrument that entitles the bearer or beneficiary to claim the delivery of goods or the payment of a sum of money.
二、本公約不適用于匯票、本票、運單、提單、倉單或任何可使持單人或受益人有權要求交付貨物或支付一筆款額的可轉讓單證或票據(jù)。
Article 3. Party autonomy 第三條 當事人意思自治
The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.
當事人可以排除本公約的適用，亦可減損或更改其中任何一項規(guī)定的效力。
CHAPTER II. GENERAL PROVISIONS第二章 總則
Article 4. Definitions 第四條 定義
For the purposes of this Convention: 在本公約中：
(a) “Communication” means any statement, declaration, demand, notice or request, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with the formation or performance of a contract;
㈠“通信”系指當事人在一項合同的訂立或履行中被要求作出或選擇作出的包括要約和對要約的承諾在內的任何陳述、聲明、要求、通知或請求；
(b) “Electronic communication” means any communication that the parties make by means of data messages;
?、?ldquo;電子通信”系指當事人以數(shù)據(jù)電文方式發(fā)出的任何通信；
(c) “Data message” means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange, electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy;
㈢“數(shù)據(jù)電文”系指經(jīng)由電子手段、電磁手段、光學手段或類似手段生成、發(fā)送、接收或存儲的信息，這些手段包括但不限于電子數(shù)據(jù)交換、電子郵件、電報、電傳或傳真；
(d) “Originator” of an electronic communication means a party by whom, or on whose behalf, the electronic communication has been sent or generated prior to storage, if any, but it does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication;
㈣ 電子通信的“發(fā)件人”系指親自或由他人代表而發(fā)送或生成了可能隨后備存的電子通信的當事人，但不包括作為中間人處理該電子通信的當事人；
(e) “Addressee” of an electronic communication means a party who is intended by the originator to receive the electronic communication, but does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication;
㈤ 電子通信的“收件人”系指發(fā)件人意圖中的接收該電子通信的當事人，但不包括作為中間人處理該電子通信的當事人；
(f) “Information system” means a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or otherwise processing data messages;
㈥“信息系統(tǒng)”系指生成、發(fā)送、接收、存儲或用其他方法處理數(shù)據(jù)電文的系統(tǒng)；
(g) “Automated message system” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used to initiate an action or respond to data messages or performances in whole or in part, without review or intervention by a natural person each time an action is initiated or a response is generated by the system;
㈦ “自動電文系統(tǒng)”系指一種計算機程序或者一種電子手段或其他自動手段，用以引發(fā)一個行動或者全部或部分地對數(shù)據(jù)電文或執(zhí)行生成答復，而無須每次在該系統(tǒng)引發(fā)行動或生成答復時由自然人進行復查或干預；
(h) “Place of business” means any place where a party maintains a non-transitory establishment to pursue an economic activity other than the temporary provision of goods or services out of a specific location.
?、?“營業(yè)地”系指當事人為了從事一項經(jīng)濟活動，但并非從某一處所臨時提供貨物或服務而保持一非短暫性營業(yè)所的任何地點。
Article 5. Interpretation 第五條 解釋
1. In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.
一、在解釋本公約時，應當考慮到其國際性以及促進其適用上的統(tǒng)一和在國際貿易中遵守誠信的必要性。
2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law.
二、涉及本公約所管轄事項的問題，未在本公約中明確解決的，應當按照本公約所依據(jù)的一般原則加以解決，在無此種原則時，應當按照國際私法規(guī)則指定的適用法律加以解決。
Article 6. Location of the parties 第六條 當事人的所在地
1. For the purposes of this Convention, a party’s place of business is presumed to be the location indicated by that party, unless another party demonstrates that the party making the indication does not have a place of business at that location.
一、就本公約而言，當事人的營業(yè)地推定為其所指明的所在地，除非另一方當事人證明該指明其所在地的當事人在該所在地無營業(yè)地。
2. If a party has not indicated a place of business and has more than one place of business, then the place of business for the purposes of this Convention is that which has the closest relationship to the relevant contract, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.
二、當事人未指明營業(yè)地并且擁有不止一個營業(yè)地的，就本公約而言，與有關合同關系最密切的營業(yè)地為其營業(yè)地，但須考慮到雙方當事人在合同訂立之前任何時候或合同訂立之時所知道或所設想的情況。
3. If a natural person does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to the person’s habitual residence.
三、自然人無營業(yè)地的，以其慣常居所為準。
4. A location is not a place of business merely because that is: (a) where equipment and technology supporting an information system used by a party in connection with the formation of a contract are located; or (b) where the information system may be accessed by other parties.
四、一所在地并不僅因以下兩點之一而成為營業(yè)地：㈠系一方當事人訂立合同所用信息系統(tǒng)的支持設備和技術的所在地；㈡系其他當事人可以進入該信息系統(tǒng)的地方。
5. The sole fact that a party makes use of a domain name or electronic mail address connected to a specific country does not create a presumption that its place of business is located in that country.
五、僅憑一方當事人使用與某一特定國家相關聯(lián)的域名或電子信箱地址，不能推定其營業(yè)地位于該國。
Article 7. Information requirements 第七條 對提供情況的要求
Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any rule of law that may require the parties to disclose their identities, places of business or other information, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making inaccurate, incomplete or false statements in that regard.
本公約中的規(guī)定概不影響適用任何可能要求當事人披露其身份、營業(yè)地或其他情況的法律規(guī)則，也不免除當事人就此作出不準確、不完整或虛假說明的法律后果。
CHAPTER III. USE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS
第三章 國際合同使用電子通信
Article 8. Legal recognition of electronic communications第八條 對電子通信的法律承認
1. A communication or a contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that it is in the form of an electronic communication.
一、對于一項通信或一項合同，不得僅以其為電子通信形式為由而否定其效力或可執(zhí)行性。
2. Nothing in this Convention requires a party to use or accept electronic communications, but a party’s agreement to do so may be inferred from the party’s conduct.
二、本公約中的規(guī)定概不要求當事人使用或接受電子通信，但可以根據(jù)當事人的作為推斷其是否同意使用或接受電子通信。
Article 9. Form requirements 第九條 形式要求
1. Nothing in this Convention requires a communication or a contract to be made or evidenced in any particular form.
一、本公約中的規(guī)定概不要求一項通信或一項合同以任何特定形式作出、訂立或證明。
2. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be in writing, or provides consequences for the absence of a writing, that requirement is met by an electronic communication if the information contained therein is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.
二、凡法律要求一項通信或一項合同應當采用書面形式的，或規(guī)定了不采用書面形式的后果的，如果一項電子通信所含信息可以調取以備日后查用，即滿足了該項要求。
3. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be signed by a party, or provides consequences for the absence of a signature, that requirement is met in relation to an electronic communication if:
三、凡法律要求一項通信或一項合同應當由當事人簽字的，或法律規(guī)定了沒有簽字的后果的，對于一項電子通信而言，在下列情況下，即滿足了該項要求：
(a) A method is used to identify the party and to indicate that party’s intention in respect of the information contained in the electronic communication; and
㈠使用了一種方法來鑒別該當事人的身份和表明該當事人對電子通信所含信息的意圖；而且
(b) The method used is either: (i) As reliable as appropriate for the purpose for which the electronic communication was generated or communicated, in the light of all the circumstances, including any relevant agreement; or (ii) Proven in fact to have fulfilled the functions described in subparagraph (a) above, by itself or together with further evidence.
?、嫠褂玫倪@種方法：1.從各種情況來看，包括根據(jù)任何相關的約定，對于生成或傳遞電子通信所要達到的目的既是適當?shù)模彩强煽康?；或?.其本身或結合進一步證據(jù)事實上被證明已履行以上第㈠項中所說明的功能。
4. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be made available or retained in its original form, or provides consequences for the absence of an original, that requirement is met in relation to an electronic communication if:
四、凡法律要求一項通信或一項合同應當以原件形式提供或保留的，或規(guī)定了缺少原件的后果的，對于一項電子通信而言，在下列情況下，即滿足了該項要求：
(a) There exists a reliable assurance as to the integrity of the information it contains from the time when it was first generated in its final form, as an electronic communication or otherwise; and
?、逶撾娮油ㄐ潘畔⒌耐暾宰云涑醮我宰罱K形式——電子通信或其他形式——生成之時起即有可靠保障；而且
(b) Where it is required that the information it contains be made available, that information is capable of being displayed to the person to whom it is to be made available.
?、嬉筇峁╇娮油ㄐ潘畔⒌模撔畔⒛軌虮伙@示給要求提供該信息的人。
5. For the purposes of paragraph 4 (a): 五、在第四款第㈠項中：
(a) The criteria for assessing integrity shall be whether the information has remained complete and unaltered, apart from the addition of any endorsement and any change that arises in the normal course of communication, storage and display; and
㈠評價完整性的標準應當是，除附加任何簽注以及正常通信、存儲和顯示過程中出現(xiàn)的任何改動之外，信息是否仍然完整而且未被更改；而且
(b) The standard of reliability required shall be assessed in the light of the purpose for which the information was generated and in the light of all the relevant circumstances.
㈡所要求的可靠性標準應當根據(jù)生成信息的目的和所有相關情況加以評估。
Article 10. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of electronic communications
第十條 發(fā)出和收到電子通信的時間和地點
1. The time of dispatch of an electronic communication is the time when it leaves an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator or, if the electronic communication has not left an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator, the time when the electronic communication is received.
一、電子通信的發(fā)出時間是其離開發(fā)件人或代表發(fā)件人發(fā)送電子通信的當事人控制范圍之內的信息系統(tǒng)的時間，或者，如果電子通信尚未離開發(fā)件人或代表發(fā)件人發(fā)送電子通信的當事人控制范圍之內的信息系統(tǒng)，則為電子通信被收到的時間。
2. The time of receipt of an electronic communication is the time when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at an electronic address designated by the addressee. The time of receipt of an electronic communication at another electronic address of the addressee is the time when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at that address and the addressee becomes aware that the electronic communication has been sent to that address. An electronic communication is presumed to be capable of being retrieved by the addressee when it reaches the addressee’s electronic address.
二、電子通信的收到時間是其能夠由收件人在該收件人指定的電子地址檢索的時間。電子通信在收件人的另一電子地址的收到時間是其能夠由該收件人在該地址檢索并且該收件人了解到該電子通信已發(fā)送到該地址的時間。當電子通信抵達收件人的電子地址時，即應推定收件人能夠檢索該電子通信。
3. An electronic communication is deemed to be dispatched at the place where the originator has its place of business and is deemed to be received at the place where the addressee has its place of business, as determined in accordance with article 6.
三、電子通信將發(fā)件人設有營業(yè)地的地點視為其發(fā)出地點，將收件人設有營業(yè)地的地點視為其收到地點，營業(yè)地根據(jù)第六條確定。
4. Paragraph 2 of this article applies notwithstanding that the place where the information system supporting an electronic address is located may be different from the place where the electronic communication is deemed to be received under paragraph 3 of this article.
四、即使支持電子地址的信息系統(tǒng)的所在地可能不同于根據(jù)本條第三款而認定的電子通信的收到地點，本條第二款依然適用。
Article 11. Invitations to make offers 第十一條 要約邀請
A proposal to conclude a contract made through one or more electronic communications which is not addressed to one or more specific parties, but is generally accessible to parties making use of information systems, including proposals that make use of interactive applications for the placement of orders through such information systems, is to be considered as an invitationto make offers, unless it clearly indicates the intention of the party making the proposal to be bound in case of acceptance.
通過一項或多項電子通信提出的訂立合同提議，凡不是向一個或多個特定當事人提出，而是可供使用信息系統(tǒng)的當事人一般查詢的，包括使用交互式應用程序通過這類信息系統(tǒng)發(fā)出訂單的提議，應當視作要約邀請，但明確指明提議的當事人打算在提議獲承諾時受其約束的除外。
Article 12. Use of automated message systems for contract formation
第十二條 訂立合同時使用的自動電文系統(tǒng)
A contract formed by the interaction of an automated message system and a natural person, or by the interaction of automated message systems, shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that non atural person reviewed or intervened in each of the individual actions carried out by the automated message systems or the resulting contract.
自動電文系統(tǒng)在合同訂立中的使用通過自動電文系統(tǒng)與自然人之間的交互動作或者通過若干自動電文系統(tǒng)之間的交互動作訂立的合同，不得僅僅因為無自然人復查或干預這些系統(tǒng)進行的每一動作或由此產生的合同而被否定效力或可執(zhí)行性。
Article 13. Availability of contract terms 第十三條 合同條款的備查
Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any rule of law that may require a party that negotiates some or all of the terms of a contract through the exchange of electronic communications to make available to the other party those electronic communications which contain the contractual terms in a particular manner, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of its failure to do so.
一方當事人通過交換電子通信的方式談判部分或全部合同條款的，本公約中的規(guī)定概不影響適用任何可能要求其以某種特定方式向另一方當事人提供含有合同條款的電子通信的法律規(guī)則，也不免除一方當事人未能這樣做的法律后果。
Article 14. Error in electronic communications 第十四條 電子通信中的錯誤
1. Where a natural person makes an input error in an electronic communication exchanged with the automated message system of another party and the automated message system does not provide the person with an opportunity to correct the error, that person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting, has the right to withdraw the portion of the electronic communication in which the input error was made if:
一、一自然人在與另一方當事人的自動電文系統(tǒng)往來的電子通信中發(fā)生輸入錯誤，而該自動電文系統(tǒng)未給該人提供更正錯誤的機會，在下列情況下，該人或其所代表的當事人有權撤回電子通信中發(fā)生輸入錯誤的部分：
(a) The person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting, notifies the other party of the error as soon as possible after having learned of the error and indicates that he or she made an error in the electronic communication; and
㈠該自然人或其所代表的當事人在發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤后盡可能立即將該錯誤通知另一方當事人，并指出其在電子通信中發(fā)生了錯誤；而且
(b) The person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting, has not used or received any material benefit or value from the goods or services, if any, received from the other party.
㈡該自然人或其所代表的當事人既沒有使用可能從另一方當事人收到的任何貨物或服務所產生的任何重大利益或價值，也沒有從中受益。
2. Nothing in this article affects the application of any rule of law that may govern the consequences of any error other than as provided for in paragraph 1.
二、本條中的規(guī)定概不影響適用任何可能就除了第一款中所提到的錯誤之外的任何錯誤的后果作出規(guī)定的法律規(guī)則。
CHAPTER IV. FINAL PROVISIONS第四章 最后條款
Article 15. Depositary第十五條 保存人
The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary for this Convention.
茲指定聯(lián)合國秘書長為本公約保存人。
Article 16. Signature, ratification, acceptance or approval第十六條 簽署、批準、接受或認可
1. This Convention is open for signature by all States at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 16 January 2006 to 16 January 2008.
一、本公約自2006年1月16日至2008年1月16日在紐約聯(lián)合國總部開放供各國簽署。
2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.
二、本公約須經(jīng)簽署國批準、接受或認可。
3. This Convention is open for accession by all States that are not signatory States as from the date it is open for signature.
三、自開放供簽署之日，本公約對所有未簽署國開放供加入。
4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
四、批準書、接受書、認可書和加入書應送交聯(lián)合國秘書長保存。
Article 17. Participation by regional economic integration organizations
第十七條 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織的參與
1. A regional economic integration organization that is constituted by sovereign States and has competence over certain matters governed by this Convention may similarly sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to this Convention. The regional economic integration organization shall in that case have the rights and obligations of a Contracting State, to the extent that that organization has competence over matters governed by this Convention. Where the number of Contracting States is relevant in this Convention, the regional economic integration organization shall not count as a Contracting State in addition to its member States that are Contracting States.
一、由主權國家組成并對本公約管轄的某些事項擁有管轄權的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織同樣可以簽署、批準、接受、認可或加入本公約。在此情況下，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織享有的權利和負有的義務應與締約國相同，但僅限于本組織對本公約管轄的事項具有管轄權的范圍。當本公約須考慮締約國的數(shù)目時，除一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織中已成為本公約締約國的成員國之外，該組織不應算作一個締約國。
2. The regional economic integration organization shall, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration to the depositary specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that organization by its member States. The regional economic integration organization shall promptly notify the depositary of any changes to the distribution of competence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declaration under this paragraph.
二、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織在簽署、批準、接受、認可或加入時應向保存人提出一項聲明，指明對本公約所管轄的哪些事項的管轄權已由其成員國轉移給本組織。根據(jù)本款提出的聲明中所指明的管轄權分配如發(fā)生任何變化，包括管轄權的新的轉移，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織應迅速通知保存人。
3. Any reference to a “Contracting State” or “Contracting States” in this Convention applies equally to a regional economic integration organization where the context so requires.
三、在情況需要時，本公約中對“一締約國”或“各締約國”的任何提及均同等適用于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織。
4. This Convention shall not prevail over any conflicting rules of any regional economic integration organization as applicable to parties whose respective places of business are located in States members of any such organization, as set out by declaration made in accordance with article 21.
四、對于任何區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化組織的規(guī)則，凡適用于其各自營業(yè)地位于根據(jù)第二十一條作出的聲明所列出的任何此種組織的成員國的當事人的，在與本公約發(fā)生沖突時，本公約不得優(yōu)先。
Article 18. Effect in domestic territorial units 第十八條 對本國領土單位的效力
1. If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention, it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention is to extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may amend its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.
一、一締約國擁有兩個或多個領土單位，各領土單位對本公約所涉事項適用不同法律制度的，該國得在簽署、批準、接受、認可或加入時聲明本公約適用于本國的全部領土單位或僅適用于其中的一個或數(shù)個領土單位，并且可以隨時提出另一聲明來修改其所做的聲明。
2. These declarations are to be notified to the depositary and are to state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention extends.
二、此種聲明應通知保存人，并且明確指明適用本公約的領土單位。
3. If, by virtue of a declaration under this article, this Convention extends to one or more but not all of the territorial units of a Contracting State, and if the place of business of a party is located in that State, this place of business, for the purposes of this Convention, is considered not to be in a Contracting State, unless it is in a territorial unit to which the Convention extends.
三、由于按本條規(guī)定作出一項聲明，本公約適用于締約國的一個或數(shù)個領土單位但不是全部領土單位，而且一方當事人的營業(yè)地位于該國之內的，為本公約之目的，除非該營業(yè)地位于本公約適用的領土單位內，否則該營業(yè)地視為不在締約國內。
4. If a Contracting State makes no declaration under paragraph 1 of this article, the Convention is to extend to all territorial units of that State.
四、一締約國未根據(jù)本條第一款作出聲明，本公約適用于該國的所有領土單位。
Article 19. Declarations on the scope of application 第十九條 關于適用范圍的聲明
1. Any Contracting State may declare, in accordance with article 21, that it will apply this Convention only:(a) When the States referred to in article 1, paragraph 1, are Contracting States to this Convention; or (b) When the parties have agreed that it applies.
一、任何締約國均可根據(jù)第二十一條聲明本國僅在下述情況下適用本公約：㈠第一條第一款中提及的國家是本公約的締約國；或者 ㈡當事人約定適用本公約。
2. Any Contracting State may exclude from the scope of application of this Convention the matters it specifies in a declaration made in accordance with article 21.
二、任何締約國均可將其在根據(jù)第二十一條所作的聲明中指明的事項排除在本公約的適用范圍之外。
Article 20. Communications exchanged under other international conventions
第二十條 根據(jù)其他國際公約進行的通信往來
1. The provisions of this Convention apply to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract to which any of the following international conventions, to which a Contracting State to this Convention is or may become a Contracting State, apply: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 10 June 1958); Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods (New York, 14 June 1974) and Protocol thereto (Vienna, 11 April 1980); United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Vienna, 11 April 1980); United Nations Convention on the Liability of Operators of Transport Terminals in International Trade (Vienna, 19 April 1991); United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit (New York, 11 December 1995); United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade (New York, 12 December 2001).
一、本公約的規(guī)定適用于與訂立或履行本公約締約國已加入或可能加入的下列任何國際公約所適用的合同有關的電子通信的使用： 《承認及執(zhí)行外國仲裁裁決公約》（1958年6月10日，紐約）； 國際貨物銷售時效期限公約》（1974年6月14日，紐約）及其議定書（1980年4月11日，維也納）； 《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》（1980年4月11日，維也納）； 《聯(lián)合國國際貿易運輸港站經(jīng)營人賠償責任公約》（1991年4月19日，維也納）； 《聯(lián)合國獨立擔保和備用信用證公約》（1995年12月11日，紐約）； 《聯(lián)合國國際貿易應收款轉讓公約》（2001年12月12日，紐約）。
2. The provisions of this Convention apply further to electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract to which another international convention, treaty or agreement not specifically referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, and to which a Contracting State to this Convention is or may become a Contracting State, applies, unless the State has declared, in accordance with article 21, that it will not be bound by this paragraph.
二、本公約的規(guī)定還適用于與訂立或履行本公約一締約國已加入或可能加入但未在本條第一款中具體提及的另一國際公約、條約或協(xié)定所適用的合同有關的電子通信，除非該國已根據(jù)第二十一條聲明其將不受本款的約束。
3. A State that makes a declaration pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article may also declare that it will nevertheless apply the provisions of this Convention to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of any contract to which a specified international convention, treaty or agreement applies to which the State is or may become a Contracting State.
三、根據(jù)本條第二款作出聲明的國家也可聲明，對于與訂立或履行該國已加入或可能加入的已指明的國際公約、條約或協(xié)定所適用的任何合同有關的電子通信的使用，本國仍將適用本公約的規(guī)定。
4. Any State may declare that it will not apply the provisions of this Convention to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract to which any international convention, treaty or agreement specified in that State’s declaration, to which the State is or may become a Contracting State, applies, including any of the conventions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, even if such State has not excluded the application of paragraph 2 of this article by a declaration made in accordance with article 21.
四、任何國家均可聲明，對于與訂立或履行該國已加入或可能加入的而且在該國的聲明中指明的任何國際公約、條約或協(xié)定，包括本條第一款中提及的任何公約所適用的合同有關的電子通信的使用，本國將不適用本公約的規(guī)定，即使該國尚未通過根據(jù)第二十一條作出聲明的方式排除本條第二款的適用亦如此。
Article 21. Procedure and effects of declarations第二十一條 聲明的程序和效力
1. Declarations under article 17, paragraph 4, article 19, paragraphs 1and 2, and article 20, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, may be made at any time.Declarations made at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.
一、任何時候均可根據(jù)第十七條第四款、第十九條第一和第二款以及第二十條第二、第三和第四款作出聲明。在簽署時作出的聲明須在批準、接受或認可時加以確認。
2. Declarations and their confirmations are to be in writing and to be formally notified to the depositary.
二、聲明及其確認，應以書面形式提出，并應正式通知保存人。
3. A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned. However, a declaration of which the depositary receives formal notification after such entry into force takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of its receipt by the depositary.
三、聲明在本公約對有關國家開始生效時同時生效。但是，保存人于此種生效后收到正式通知的聲明，應于保存人收到該項聲明之日起滿六個月后的下一個月第一日生效。
4. Any State that makes a declaration under this Convention may modify or withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary. The modification or withdrawal is to take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary.
四、根據(jù)本公約的規(guī)定作出聲明的任何國家，可以在任何時候以書面形式正式通知保存人更改或撤回該項聲明。此種更改或撤回于保存人收到通知之日起滿六個月后的下一個月第一日生效。
Article 22. Reservations第二十二條 保留
No reservations may be made under this Convention. 不得對本公約提出保留。
Article 23. Entry into force第二十三條 生效
1. This Convention enters into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
一、本公約于第三件批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之日起滿六個月后的下一個月第一日生效。
2. When a State ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Convention after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention enters into force in respect of that State on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
二、一國在第三件批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之后才批準、接受、認可或加入本公約的，本公約于該國交存其批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書之日起滿六個月后的下一個月第一日對該國生效。
Article 24. Time of application第二十四條 適用時間
This Convention and any declaration apply only to electronic communications that are made after the date when the Convention or the declaration enters into force or takes effect in respect of each Contracting State.
本公約和任何聲明僅適用于在本公約或該聲明對每一締約國生效或產生效力之日后所進行的電子通信。
Article 25. Denunciations 第二十五條 退約
1. A Contracting State may denounce this Convention by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary.
一、締約國得以書面形式正式通知保存人，宣布其退出本公約。
2. The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the notification is received by the depositary. Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer period after the notification is received by the depositary. DONE at New York this twenty-third day of November two thousand and five, in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
二、退約于保存人收到通知之日起滿十二個月后的下一個月第一日起生效。凡通知內訂明退約的生效需更長期限的，退約于保存人收到通知后該段更長期限屆滿時生效。
2005年[……]月[……]日訂于紐約，正本一份，其阿拉伯文本、中文本、英文本、法文本、俄文本和西班牙文本具有同等效力。
下列署名全權代表，經(jīng)各自政府正式授權，在本公約上簽字，以昭信守
