PART 1 - GENERAL第一部分 概要 1.01 DESCRIPTION 工程描述 A. Extent of Work: The extent of earthwork includes but is not limited to site 工程范圍：土方工程范圍包括，但不局限于場(chǎng)地清理， clearance, excavation and backfilling of trenches and piPART 1 - GENERAL第一部分 概要
1.01 DESCRIPTION 工程描述
A. Extent of Work: The extent of earthwork includes but is not limited to site
工程范圍：土方工程范圍包括，但不局限于場(chǎng)地清理，
clearance, excavation and backfilling of trenches and pits for structures, trenches for pipes, conduits, channels, walls, etc., excavation and backfilling for
結(jié)構(gòu)溝槽，管道，渠道，擋墻等地溝的開挖與回填，
walkways and slabs, preparation of subgrade, provision of borrow pit fill
人行道和地板的開挖與回填，地基修整，提供借土坑填料，
materials and filling and compacting where required, backfilling and compacting
并對(duì)有要求的借土坑，進(jìn)行回填夯實(shí)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)回填夯實(shí)
satisfactory material on site and disposing of surplus and unsatisfactory materials
符合要求的土方料，在指定的堆放場(chǎng)地倒掉多余的以及不合要求的土方料
to approved dumping areas all as directed. The extent of works specified under
以下章節(jié)所指定的工作內(nèi)容還應(yīng)該包括白蟻的防治工作。
this section shall also include antitermite treatment and control Works.
1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE 質(zhì)量保證
A. Codes and Standards: Perform work in compliance with applicable requirements of safety codes and regulations.
規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：施工應(yīng)符合安全規(guī)范與制度的相關(guān)要求
B. Furnish samples and perform all tests and quality control required for the proper execution of the work, as stipulated in - Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes (All Parts), and as required by the Engineer.
根據(jù)BS 1377中的規(guī)定- 針對(duì)土木工程（所有條款）的土工試驗(yàn)方法，以及工程師的要求，提供樣本，以及進(jìn)行正確施工作業(yè)所要求的工程質(zhì)量控制和實(shí)驗(yàn)。
C. The Contractor shall conduct subsurface investigation at locations agreed with Engineer prior to commencement of the work. The Contractor shall submit for approval his proposed method of investigation. Upon completion of the work, the Contractor shall submit a Geotechnical Investigation Report containing factual data and findings during the investigation, and geotechnical interpretations and recommendations, including but not limited to:
在施工開始前，承包商應(yīng)在工程師同意的地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行地勘作業(yè)。承包商應(yīng)提交其擬采用的地勘方法以獲得批準(zhǔn)。在地勘工作結(jié)束后，承包商應(yīng)及時(shí)提交地質(zhì)勘察報(bào)告，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：在勘探過程中獲取的真實(shí)資料和發(fā)現(xiàn)物，以及地質(zhì)解釋性資料和建議，包括但不局限于：
1. Factual data containing the following information: 真實(shí)資料應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：
a) A statement on the purpose and rationale of the investigation.
對(duì)勘察目的以及原理的陳述
b) A description of the work carried out, including reference to specifications and standards adopted and any deviations from them.
對(duì)已完成的勘察工作的描述，包括：所參考規(guī)范，所采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和與其之間的偏差
c) Exploratory bore hole logs.鉆孔記錄
d) In situ test records.原位測(cè)試記錄
e) Laboratory test results.試驗(yàn)室測(cè)試結(jié)果
f) Plan with locations of exploratory holes.探孔平面布置圖
2. The interpretive data shall include, but is not limited to the following information.
解釋性資料應(yīng)包含，但不局限與下列信息
a) General geology.地質(zhì)概況
b) Subsurface conditions by area and soil profiles.區(qū)域地下狀況和土壤剖面
c) Groundwater condition.地下水情況
d) Earthwork recommendations for:土方工程建議：
- Excavation and backfilling土方開挖和回填
Including but not limited to, fill and cut slopes, compaction recommendation, water control including effects of artesian pressures if any, modulii of subgrade reaction, CBR values, fill settlement etc.
包括但不局限于，填方和切削造坡，夯實(shí)建議，包括如有承壓水在內(nèi)的地下水防治，基底反應(yīng)模量，CBR值。填土沉陷等等。
e) Foundation recommendation for:對(duì)基礎(chǔ)的建議為：
- Deep foundations (piling)深基礎(chǔ)（樁基）
- Shallow foundation淺基礎(chǔ)
Including, but not limited to, design parameters (bearing capacities), types, recommended levels, anticipated settlements, protection, etc.
包括但不局限于，設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)（承載力），基礎(chǔ)類型，建議埋深，預(yù)期沉降，基礎(chǔ)保護(hù)等等。
D. Tests for Proposed Soil Materials: 對(duì)擬采用土料試驗(yàn)
1. Test soil materials proposed for use in the work and promptly submit test report results to the Engineer for approval.
測(cè)試本工程擬使用的土方料，并及時(shí)向工程師提交測(cè)試報(bào)告結(jié)果，以獲得批準(zhǔn)
2. Provide optimum moisture-maximum density of relative density test data as appropriate for each type of soil encountered in subgrade, fills and backfills. Determine maximum and relative densities in accordance with BS 1377.
提供適合于地基中遇到的每種土質(zhì)以及填土和回填土的最佳濕度-最大相對(duì)密實(shí)度試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。依照BS 1377確定土的最大密度和相對(duì)密度。
3. Determine the physical and mechanical properties and suitability of subgrade materials, fills and backfills.
確定地基土料，填料和回填料的物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)及其適應(yīng)性。
4. Test for Proposed Materials: Perform and report to the Engineer the following sampling and testing for the proposed subgrade materials, fills and backfills for each type of fill material all in accordance with BS 1377:
擬使用土料的測(cè)試：根據(jù)BS 1377，對(duì)擬采用的土基材料，及各類填土和回填土進(jìn)行以下測(cè)試和取樣，并向工程師提交報(bào)告：
a. Dry and Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particles-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants
制備干、濕土樣以進(jìn)行顆粒粒徑分析，并確定土壤常數(shù)
b. Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils 土的液限，朔限和朔限指數(shù)
c. Particle Size Distribution and the Amount of Material Finer than the No. 200 Sieve in Soils
粒徑分布，以及粒徑小于200號(hào)篩的土在土壤中的含量
d. Tests for In-Situ Density of Soil 土的原位密實(shí)度測(cè)試
e. Moisture-Density Relations ofSoils Using 4.50 kg Rammer 457mm Drop. Method D 使用4.50 kg擊實(shí)錘，457mm落距，方法D，測(cè)試土的密與濕度的關(guān)系
f. Test for California Bearing Ratio 加利福尼亞承載比試驗(yàn)
g. Test for Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils 無粘性土相對(duì)密實(shí)度測(cè)試
h. Test for Density of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
用 橡膠球測(cè)試法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)土進(jìn)行的密實(shí)度測(cè)試
5. Minimum Test Required: The above tests shall be carried out for each type of borrow pit fill material but not less than 3 each for every layer of borrow pit fill materials.
試驗(yàn)的最低要求：對(duì)每一類借土坑填土料都要進(jìn)行上述試驗(yàn)，但借土坑中的每一層土料，測(cè)試點(diǎn)不得少于3個(gè)
E. Anti-termite Treatment: Pre-constructional anti-termite treatment of soil along the perimeter of the building and soil faces in contact with the building including treating backfill with anti-termite materials as required shall be undertaken by an approved specialised Sub-contractor in accordance with the following main requirements and guidelines:
白蟻防治：根據(jù)要求在施工前，對(duì)建筑物周邊土壤以及與建筑物直接接觸的土壤表面進(jìn)行防白蟻處理，包括用防白蟻藥劑對(duì)回填土進(jìn)行處理，應(yīng)該根據(jù)以下主要要求和準(zhǔn)則，讓經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的專業(yè)分包商來承擔(dān)。
1. The Contractor shall submit full details of the specialised Sub-contractor whom he proposes to use for the approval of the Engineer.
承包商應(yīng)向工程師提交擬使用的專業(yè)分包商的全部詳細(xì)資料以獲得批準(zhǔn)
2. The Contractor shall submit a method statement to the Engineer detailing the most appropriate method along with the rate of application for the existing site conditions and taking into consideration the configuration and lay of the building, for the approval of the Engineer before commencing any work. The contractor shall also furnish full details of the checmicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record. The most appropriate method to be used shall be decided at the time of construction after considering all aspects.
在任何施工作業(yè)開始前，承包商應(yīng)向工程師提交方法陳述以獲得工程師的批準(zhǔn)，該陳述應(yīng)詳細(xì)說明最適合的方法及針對(duì)場(chǎng)地實(shí)際情況的藥劑施用量，并將建筑物的輪廓形狀及位置考慮在內(nèi)。承包商還要提交其擬使用的化學(xué)藥劑的詳細(xì)資料，并附帶所所有必要的證明文件，如所要求遵守的規(guī)定，當(dāng)?shù)刂鞴懿块T的要求和業(yè)績記錄證明。所采用的最適合本工程的施工方法應(yīng)在經(jīng)多方面考量之后，在即將施工時(shí)才能確定。
3. However any approval accorded by the engineer shall not relieve the Contractor/Sub-Contractor of any responsibilities and contractual obligations.
然而工程師的批準(zhǔn)并不能減輕承包商、分包商的任何責(zé)任和合同義務(wù)。
4. The treatment shall guarantee that the building will remain free from any termite activities for a minimum duration of 10 years after the completion of the Works. The specialised Sub-contractor shall give an undertaking that in the case of infestation of the said structure by any termite activities, he shall carry out such treatment(s) as may be necessary to render the structure free from termite infestation without any extra cost to the Employer, and till the end of the ten years period stated above.
白蟻防治處理應(yīng)確保在工程完工后至少10年之內(nèi) ，建筑物免受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害。專業(yè)分包公司應(yīng)給出承諾，假如上述結(jié)構(gòu)遭受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害，他應(yīng)該在不增加業(yè)主額外費(fèi)用的前提下，采用這種可能是必要的處理方法，以使得結(jié)構(gòu)免于遭受白蟻活動(dòng)的侵害，直到上述10年期限結(jié)束
1.03 JOB CONDITIONS 施工條件
A. Site information: Subsurface investigation including boring, sampling, testing and foundation recommendation shall be carried out by the Contractor as specified in 1.02 C herein above.
場(chǎng)地信息收集：如上文1.02 C所確定的包括鉆孔，取樣，測(cè)試在內(nèi)的地勘和基礎(chǔ)建議，應(yīng)由承包商負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施
B. Use of Explosives: The use of explosives for the Work will not be permitted, nor shall the Contractor import any explosives into UAE in connection with the work under this Contract.
爆破的使用：本工程不允許采用爆破施工，按照本合同，也不能向與本工程相關(guān)的阿拉伯國家進(jìn)口爆炸物品
C. Protection of Persons and Property: 人身及財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)
1. Barricade open excavations made as a part of earthwork operations and post with warning lights. Operate warning lights during hours from dusk to dawn each day and as otherwise required.
作為土方施工的一部分，對(duì)敞開挖基坑應(yīng)設(shè)置圍護(hù)，并架設(shè)警示燈。除另有要求外，從黃昏到黎明的每一天警示燈都應(yīng)處于開啟狀態(tài)。
2. Protect structures, utilities, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movements, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.
防止由于沉降，側(cè)移，坑道開挖，沖刷，以及由于土方施工而引起其他災(zāi)害對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)，市政設(shè)施，鋪路面，及其他設(shè)施的破壞
3. Take precautions and provide necessary bracing and shoring to guard against movement or settlement of existing improvements or new construction. In carrying out excavation and other works close to existing structures and to prevent subsidence of the foundation of such structures, the Contractor shall provide and shall be responsible for the strength and adequacy of the necessary sheeting, bracing and shoring as required in order that the excavation, backfilling and any other work can be safely performed. The Contractor shall include in his rates for all additional temporary works that may be required to prevent any damage to such structures.
采取預(yù)防措施和架設(shè)必要的支撐系統(tǒng)來防止原有改建結(jié)構(gòu)或新建結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生位移和沉降。在靠近原建筑物附近進(jìn)行開挖和從事其他施工作業(yè)，以及為防止該建筑物基礎(chǔ)沉降，承包商應(yīng)采用所要求的足夠強(qiáng)度和數(shù)量的必要撐板和支撐，以保證開挖、回填和任何其他施工作業(yè)都能夠安全進(jìn)行，并對(duì)其負(fù)責(zé)。承包商的報(bào)價(jià)應(yīng)包含為預(yù)防任何對(duì)這種結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞所需采取的所有額外的臨性工程。
PART 2 - PRODUCTS 產(chǎn)品
2.01 DEFINITIONS 定義
A. Satisfactory Soil Materials: Satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill are defined and shall comply with those detailed in. BS 1377
合格的土方料; 在BS 1377中定義了合格的填方料和回填方料，并應(yīng)符合在BS 1377中所詳述內(nèi)容。
B. Unsatisfactory Soil Materials: Unsatisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill and described in BS 1377, unless otherwise acceptable to the Engineer.
不合格土料：在BS 1377定義不合格的填方料和回填方料，除非工程師能夠接受
C. Cohesionless Soil Materials: Cohesionless soil materials include gravels, sand-gravel mixtures, sands and gravelly-sands.
非粘性土料：非粘性土料包括礫石，砂礫，砂和礫砂
D. Cohesive Soil Materials: 粘性土
1. Cohesive soil materials include clayey and silty gravels, sand-clay mixtures, gravel-silt mixtures, clayey and silty sands, sand-silt mixtures, clays, silts, and every fine sands.
粘性土料包括粘土質(zhì)和粉土質(zhì)礫石，砂與粉土混合土，粘土，粉土，和特細(xì)砂
2. Cohesive soil materials are defined as those having a plasticity index exceeding 11 and/or having amount passing U.S. sieve No. 200 exceeding 36%.
粘性土料被定義為那些朔性指數(shù)超過11和（或）通過美國200號(hào)篩的顆粒數(shù)量超過36%的土
3. Soil material exhibiting cohesiveness and meeting the requirements of satisfactory soils shall be considered by the Engineer satisfactory soil material.
那些顯示出粘性的土料以及符合合格土質(zhì)的土料，應(yīng)該由工程師認(rèn)定為合格土料
2.02 SOIL MATERIALS 土料
A. Backfill and Fill Materials: 回填料及填料
1. General: Provide satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill, free of rock or gravel larger than 50 mm in any dimension, and free of clay, debris, waste, vegetable and other deleterious matter. Use excavated or borrow material that has been sampled, tested and approved by the Engineer as satisfactory soil material.
概述：為回填和填土提供合格的土料，不得含有任何粒徑大于50mm的巖石或礫石，以及土塊，碎磚瓦快，垃圾，植物和其它有害的物質(zhì)。采用那些經(jīng)過取樣，測(cè)試和經(jīng)工程師同意采用的開挖土和借土最為合格土料。
2. Borrow: Borrow shall consist of the excavation of material from borrow pits selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. He shall pay all royalties and bear all expense of developing the sources and of handling, hauling and placing the material at no additional cost to the Employer.
借土：借土應(yīng)包含從經(jīng)分包商的挑選的借土坑中挖取的土料，并經(jīng)由工程師同意。分包商應(yīng)支付所有許可開采費(fèi)用和承擔(dān)這種資源開發(fā)的所有費(fèi)用，以及處理，搬運(yùn)和放置這種土料，而不得向業(yè)主索取額外費(fèi)用
B. Paved Areas: Provide satisfactory soil materials, as defined, to have a soaked CBR of not less than 15% as determined by BS 1377.
鋪裝區(qū)域：提供合格的土料，如定義的那樣，飽和CBR值不超過BS1377確定的15%
1. Soil group classification A-3 shall not be used for top 200 mm of subgrade.
A-3類土不得用于土基表面200mm之內(nèi)的范圍
2.03 ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT MATERIALS防白蟻處理材料
Materials incorporated in the anti-termite treatment and control shall be included by the Contractor in his submittal. Full details of the chemicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record, shall also be submitted for the approval of the Engineer.
白蟻的處理與防治所使用的材料應(yīng)包含在承包商所提交的資料中，其擬使用的化學(xué)藥劑詳細(xì)資料，與之一起的，符合法規(guī)所要求的所有必要的證明材料，當(dāng)?shù)匦姓芾聿块T的要求和經(jīng)得起證明的業(yè)績資料，都應(yīng)該提交，并獲得工程師的批準(zhǔn)
PART 3 - EXECUTION 開挖
3.01 INSPECTION 檢查
A. The Contractor shall examine the substrates and the conditions under which the earthwork shall be performed and correct any unsatisfactory conditions. Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
承包商應(yīng)檢查下部土層和工作條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行土方施工，并改正任何不符合要求的作業(yè)條件。只有當(dāng)這種條件在以工程師能夠接受的某種方式進(jìn)行糾正之后，施工作業(yè)才能進(jìn)行。
3.02 SITE CLEARANCE 場(chǎng)地清理
A. Top Soil Removal: 表土清理
1. Unsuitable top soil is defined as friable clay loam surface soil or other encrusted or objectionable surface soil found in depth of not less than 600mm.
不符合要求的表土被定義為易碎的粘壤土地表土，或其它板結(jié)或令人不滿意的地表土
2. Strip unsuitable top soil to a minimum 100 mm depths in fill areas, and in such manner so as to prevent intermingling with the underlying sub-soil. Stripping of top soil shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
在填方區(qū)，剝離至少100mm厚不適合的地表土，用這種方式可以防止與下部土壤相混合，表土清除取決于工程師的同意
B. Disposal of Waste Material: Transport waste materials, unsuitable materials, topsoil materials, trash and debris to approved dumping areas.
廢棄土料的處理：運(yùn)走廢棄的，不適用的土和地表土，垃圾，廢渣到指的定區(qū)域進(jìn)行堆放
3.03 EXCAVATION 開挖
A. General: Excavation consists of the removal of all materials encountered when establishing the required grade elevations, setting aside satisfactory soil material for reuse in backfilling and filling in trenches, around structures and walkways and disposal of unsatisfactory and excess materials.
綜述：開挖包括移除在建立起所要求的基底高程過程中所有遇到的所有土料，并將合格的土料放置在旁邊，并在地溝，建筑物周邊和人行道施工中再次使用，以及處理那些不合格以及多余的土料
B. Unauthorized Excavation: 未經(jīng)授權(quán)的開挖
1. Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or side dimensions without the specific direction of the Engineer. Replace unauthorized excavation as herein specified.
未經(jīng)授權(quán)的開挖包括移除那些超過指定基底標(biāo)高或超過指定周邊尺寸的土料，而沒有經(jīng)過工程師明確指示的土方。替換這里所明確指示的非授權(quán)土方
2. Under structures fill the unauthorized excavation with plain concrete, 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength, to the required grade. Backfill unauthorized excavation with satisfactory soil material only when acceptable to the Engineer. Compaction of such backfill material shall be to its full depth and to not less than 97% of maximum dry density or 77% relative density as applicable.
在結(jié)構(gòu)之下用不小于14.0 MPa抗壓強(qiáng)度的素混凝土填回的非授權(quán)挖方部分，至要求的基底，僅僅在工程師接受的情況下，才可以用合格土料回填非授權(quán)挖方段。對(duì)這種回填土整個(gè)厚度范圍內(nèi)的土進(jìn)行夯實(shí)，視具體情況，其最大干密度不小于97% ，相對(duì)密實(shí)度不小于77%
3. Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as specified for authorized excavations of the same classification unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
除工程師另有指示之外，在其他地方，回填和夯實(shí)非授權(quán)的挖方，可如同具體指定的同樣類型區(qū)域的授權(quán)挖方一樣處理
C. Additional Excavation: When excavation has reached required subgrade elevations, notify the Engineer for the inspection of conditions.
額外挖方：當(dāng)開挖至要求的基底標(biāo)高時(shí)，通知工程師對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況進(jìn)行檢查
1. If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at the required grade elevations carry excavations deeper and replace the excavated material to the depth as directed by the Engineer and as follows:
如果在要求的基底標(biāo)高處遇到不適合的承載土，應(yīng)繼續(xù)下挖，并替換工程師指定開挖深度范圍內(nèi)的土方，并遵循下列要求：
a. Under paved areas use satisfactory fill materials compacted as specified.
在鋪面區(qū)域，使用合格料回填，并按規(guī)定夯實(shí)
b. Under foundations of structures use plain concrete filling of 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength.
在結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)之下，采用不低于14.0 MPa抗壓強(qiáng)度的素混凝土回填
D. Classification of Excavations: All excavations shall be done on an unclassified basis. No consideration will be given to the nature of the materials, including that of rock.
挖方分類：所有開挖均應(yīng)該為不分類開挖。不考慮土料的性質(zhì)，包括巖石在內(nèi)
E. Stability of Excavation: 挖方的穩(wěn)定性
1. Unless otherwise required, slope the sides of excavation to the angle of repose of the material excavated, otherwise shore and brace where sloping is not possible either because of space restrictions or stability of material excavated.
除非另有要求，對(duì)開挖坑邊進(jìn)行修坡至開挖土料的休止角，而對(duì)于不可能修坡，或場(chǎng)地受嚴(yán)格限制或被開挖的土方穩(wěn)定性不足的地方，就要采用支撐加固
2. Maintain sides and slopes of excavations in a safe condition until completion of backfilling.
保持挖坑邊坡的安全處于安全狀態(tài)，直到完成回填
3. Take precautions to prevent slides or cave-ins in excavation. 預(yù)防挖坑滑坡或塌頂
F. Shoring and Bracing: 支撐
1. The Contractor shall furnish, put in place and maintain such sheeting, bracing, etc. as may be necessary to support the sides of the excavation and to prevent any movement of earth which could in any way diminish the width of the excavation to less than that necessary for proper construction, or could otherwise injure or delay the work, or endanger adjacent services or structures. If the Engineer is of the opinion that at any point sufficient or proper supports have not been provided, he may order additional supports put in at the expense of the Contractor.
承包商應(yīng)提供，安裝和維護(hù)這樣的支板、支撐桿等，其對(duì)基坑周邊支護(hù)或許是必須的，可以防止土的任何位移，這種位移可以在任何方向減少基坑的尺寸，從而導(dǎo)致其小于正常施工所必須的尺寸，或引起其他方面的傷害或延誤施工，或危及周邊各種設(shè)施或結(jié)構(gòu)。如果工程師判斷在任何地點(diǎn)沒有提供足夠和正確的支撐，那么他或許指令增加支撐，該費(fèi)用由承包商擔(dān)負(fù)。
2. Wherever possible, sheeting and bracing, shall be driven ahead of excavation to avoid loss of material from behind the sheeting; care shall be taken to avoid trimming behind the face along which the sheeting shall be driven. Care shall be taken to prevent voids outside of the sheeting, but if voids occur such voids shall be filled and compacted with approved material.
在任何可能的地方，支撐板和支撐應(yīng)該在挖方之前，將其打入以避免支撐板后面的土方松動(dòng)；應(yīng)注意應(yīng)避免修整擋板后面的土，應(yīng)當(dāng)心防止擋板外側(cè)出現(xiàn)空洞，但假如出現(xiàn)了空洞，那么應(yīng)該采用允許的材料將這些空洞回填和壓實(shí)
3. Sheeting and bracing shall be carefully removed in such a manner as not to endanger the construction or other structures. All voids left or caused by the withdrawal of sheeting shall be back-filled immediately with approved material and compacted by ramming with tools especially adapted for that purpose or by other means as may be directed. Sheeting and bracing for pipe trenches shall be designed in such a manner as to permit gradual withdrawal during the placing of pipe embedment or concrete or voids are left between the pipe encasement or embedment and the sides of the trenches.
擋板和支撐應(yīng)該以不危及施工及其它結(jié)構(gòu)的方式移除。所有留下空洞或由于移除擋板留下的空洞，應(yīng)該用允許的材料立即回填，并用專用工具或按指定的其它方夯實(shí)。對(duì)于管道溝所采用的擋板和支撐應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成，在鋪設(shè)管填料或混凝土?xí)r可以允許緩慢取出，或在溝側(cè)與管道填料或管道套之間留設(shè)空隙
4. The Contractor shall, subject to approval of the Engineer, leave in place any sheeting, bracing etc., which is required or necessary to be left in place for the purpose of preventing injury to structures of property.
承包商應(yīng)根據(jù)要求將擋板，支撐等等留在原處，或是基于防止對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷的目的將其留在原處
5. The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to the Works and for any injury to persons or property caused by or arising out of the removal of the sheeting and bracing. The Engineer's permission or approval to the withdrawal of such sheeting and bracing shall not relieve the Contractor from this responsibility.
承包商應(yīng)對(duì)由于擋板和支撐的移除而引起或由此產(chǎn)生的任何對(duì)工程的破壞，或任何對(duì)人員的傷害，及財(cái)產(chǎn)的損壞負(fù)責(zé)。工程師對(duì)移除這樣的擋板和支撐的同意或批準(zhǔn)，不能減輕承包商對(duì)此應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任
G. Excavation for Structures:結(jié)構(gòu)挖方
1. Conform to the elevations and dimensions shown on the drawings, within a tolerance of plus or minus 25 mm and extending a sufficient distance from foundations to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork, installation of services, and for other construction required, and for inspection.
遵照?qǐng)D紙中的標(biāo)高和尺寸，將誤差控制在±25mm之內(nèi)，并擴(kuò)大與基礎(chǔ)之間有足夠距離，以便能夠安裝和拆除混凝土模板，安裝輔助設(shè)施，和滿足其他施工要求及方便檢查
2. In excavating for foundations, and underground structures, take care not to disturb the bottom of the excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade and elevation. Trim and compact bottoms to the required lines and grade to leave a solid base to receive structure.
在基礎(chǔ)和地下結(jié)構(gòu)的開挖過程中，注意不要擾動(dòng)基坑底部基土。用人工開挖至最終的基底和標(biāo)高，修整和夯實(shí)基底達(dá)到要求的輪廓和平整度，以堅(jiān)實(shí)地基承載上部結(jié)構(gòu)
3. Where rock is encountered under concrete footings, and the like, it may be necessary, depending on the condition of such rock, to excavate and remove any weathered rock to ensure that footings are founded on sound rock. Engineer shall direct on site, as necessary.
在混凝土基礎(chǔ)下方遇到巖石，或類似物的地方，視這種巖石的狀況，或許有必要開挖或移除任何風(fēng)化的巖石以確?；A(chǔ)能坐落在堅(jiān)實(shí)的巖石上。
H. Excavation for Trenches for Piping: 管溝開挖
1. Excavate trenches to the uniform width required for the particular item to be installed sufficiently wide to provide ample working room. Maintain indicated maximum widths for pipe trenches at least 300 mm above crown of pipe.
某一安裝要求足夠?qū)挼奶貏e產(chǎn)品，要求將管溝開挖成統(tǒng)一的寬度，從而提供充足的作業(yè)空間，保持指定最大管道溝的寬度至少大于管道外壁300mm以上
2. Excavate trenches to the depth indicated or required. Carry the depth of trenches for piping to establish the indicated flow lines and invert elevations. Excavate to additional depth as required for pipe bedding.
管道溝開挖至指定或要求的深度。逐漸加深安裝管道的管道溝的深度以建立起指定的流向和管底標(biāo)高。超深開挖管底墊層所要求的深
度。
3. Where rock is encountered, the excavation shall be carried out 150mm below the indicated or required elevation and backfill and compact with satisfactory soil material.
在遇到巖石的地方，應(yīng)在指明或要求的標(biāo)高基礎(chǔ)上向下開挖150mm,并用合格土料回填和夯實(shí)
4. Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated. Notch under pipe bells to provide solid bearing along the entire barrel of the pipe.
按指示整平溝底。在管道喇叭口接頭處下方開凹槽，并為整個(gè)管身提供硬質(zhì)基底
5. Do not backfill trenches until tests and inspection have been made and backfilling authorized by the Engineer. Use care in backfilling to avoid damage to structures and/or displacement of pipe systems.
在測(cè)試和檢查完之前不得回填管溝，且管溝的回填必須要經(jīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師授權(quán)，回填時(shí)，要當(dāng)心避免損壞管道結(jié)構(gòu)或使之移位
I. Excavation in Restricted Areas: In conformity with the drawings, or as necessitated by site conditions or as directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out excavations in restricted areas or close to existing structures and utilities. Such excavation shall, in general, be carried out by hand in order to safeguard such structures and utilities from any damage whatsoever. The Contractor shall make good at his own expense any damage caused by him to such existing structures and utilities.
在限制開挖區(qū)開挖：遵照?qǐng)D紙，或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀況必須如此，或遵照工程師指令，承包商可以在限制開挖區(qū)或靠近原有結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施處開挖，總的原則是，無論什么情，為防止這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施出現(xiàn)任何損壞，這樣的開挖，應(yīng)采用人工開挖。承包商應(yīng)出資修復(fù)任何由自己對(duì)現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施所造成的損壞。
J. Walkway Subgrade in Areas of Cut: 挖方區(qū)人行道基底
1. When excavation has reached the required walkway subgrade elevations and the Contractor ensured the suitability of the subgrade material as stated in "Additional Excavation" hereinbefore, the top 400mm of such subgrade shall be completed as follows:
當(dāng)挖方至所要求的人行道基底標(biāo)高時(shí)，且承包商在已確保上述“額外挖方”條款所描述的基底材料的穩(wěn)定性的基礎(chǔ)上，基底面層以下400mm的土層應(yīng)按下列要求夯實(shí)：
a. Moisten or aerate subgrade material to provide the optimum moisture content of the available soil classified before, and compact to the required percentage of maximum dry density or relative density for each area classification as defined in "Compaction" Paragraph herein.
將基底料弄濕或晾曬以獲得現(xiàn)成上述分類土的最佳含水量，且夯實(shí)至3.05節(jié)“夯實(shí)”里所定義的每種區(qū)域分類所要求的最大干密度百分比或最大相對(duì)密實(shí)度
K. Material Storage: 材料存放
1. Stockpile excavated satisfactory soil material in approved locations, until required for backfill or fill. Place, grade and shape stockpiles for proper drainage.
將挖出的合格土料堆放到指定的位置，直到回填和填方時(shí)使用。堆放，整平和成形堆土以保證排水暢通
2. Locate and retain materials required in the work a sufficient distance from the edge of excavations, even though such excavations may be sheeted and braced, to prevent such material falling or sliding into the excavations and to prevent cave-ins.
放置和保持施工中所用的土料距基坑邊緣要有有足夠的距離，即使基坑有擋板和支撐，以防止土料滑落進(jìn)入基坑和防止塌頂
3. Dispose of excess and unsatisfactory soil material and waste materials, trash and debris, as specified hereinafter.
處理這里指定的多余的和不合格的土料，以及廢料，垃圾和廢渣。
3.04 BACKFILL AND FILL 回填和填方
A. General:
1. Backfill consists of the placement of specified backfill material, in layers, over the ground surface to the required elevations, for each area classification listed below.
對(duì)于后面所列每一種區(qū)域分類，回填包括在地表上分層回填指定的土料，至要求的高程
2. Fill consists of the placement of specified fill materials, in layers, over the ground surface to the required elevations, for each area classification listed below.
對(duì)于后面所列每一種區(qū)域分類，填土包括在地表上分層回填指定的土料，至要求的高程
B. Backfill and Fill Materials: 回填料和填料
1. Provide satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill, free clay, rock or gravel larger than 50 mm in any dimension, debris, waste, vegetable matter, and other deleterious matter.
為回填和填方提供合格的土料，這些土料不得含有泥塊，任何粒徑大于50mm的巖石或礫石，碎渣，垃圾，有機(jī)物，和其他有害物質(zhì)
2. In any fills and backfills, use excavated or borrow material that has been sampled, tested and approved.
對(duì)于任何回填和填方，要采用那些經(jīng)取樣，測(cè)試和批準(zhǔn)的，挖出的或借來的土料，
C. Prior to backfill Placement: Backfill excavations as promptly as the work permits, but not until completion of the following:
回填土回填前：一旦施工許可，就應(yīng)迅速回填基坑，但只有當(dāng)完成以下事情后方能進(jìn)行：
1. Approval by the Engineer of construction below finish grade including, where applicable, damproofing.
在完成基底修整，包括，若有的話，防潮施工之后，經(jīng)由施工工程師同意
2. Inspection, testing, approval and recording locations of underground utilities.
檢查，測(cè)試，批準(zhǔn)和記錄地下設(shè)施的位置
3. Removal of concrete formwork. 拆除混凝土模板
4. Removal of shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids with satisfactory materials. Cut off temporary sheet piling driven below bottom of structures and remove in a manner to prevent settlement of the structures or utilities, or leave in place if required.
拆除支撐，用合格土料回填留下的空擋。去除那些下部打入結(jié)構(gòu)基底之下的擋板，和采用一種可以防止結(jié)構(gòu)或設(shè)施沉降的方法拔除擋板，假如有要求的話，也可以將其求留在原地
5. Removal of trash and debris. 清除垃圾和碎渣
6. Permanent or temporary horizontal bracing is in place on horizontally supported walls.
對(duì)用于水平支撐擋墻的永久或臨時(shí)水平支撐應(yīng)留在原地
D. Preparation of Surfaces to Receive Backfill and Fill: 回填和填土前的地表處理
1. General: Remove vegetation, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions and deleterious materials from ground surface or excavation bottom, prior to placement of backfills and fills.
總則：在回填回原土和借土之前，清理地面上或基坑底部的有機(jī)物，碎渣，不合格土料，障礙物和有害物質(zhì)
2. Under walkways (In Fill): When the existing ground surface has a density less than that required for the particular area classification, replace unsatisfactory material, if any, break-up the ground surface, pulverise, moisture-condition to the optimum moisture content, and compact to the required depth and percentage of maximum density as specified in Paragraph 3.05 "Compaction" herein for walkways.
在人行道之下（填方區(qū)）：當(dāng)原有表面土的密度小于指定區(qū)域分類所要求的密度時(shí)，置換不合格土料，若有的話，翻松地表土，弄碎，調(diào)節(jié)水分至最佳含水量，然后夯實(shí)至要求的厚度和如第3.05“夯實(shí)”一節(jié)所規(guī)定的最大百分比密度
E. Placement: 填土
1. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 200 mm compacted thickness. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to provide the optimum moisture content of the soil material. Compact each layer to the required percentage of maximum density. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that contain excessive moisture preventing specified degree of compaction.
分層回填原土和借土土料，每層厚度不超過200mm的夯實(shí)厚度。在夯實(shí)之前有必要對(duì)土層進(jìn)行潤濕或晾曬，以獲得土料的最佳濕度。將每一層土夯實(shí)至要求的最大的百分比密度。不得在面上鋪設(shè)那些含水量過高的原土和借土，以防達(dá)不到要求的密實(shí)度
2. Around Structures: Place backfill and fill material evenly adjacent to structure, to the required elevations. Take care to prevent wedging action of the backfill against structures by placing the material uniformly around the structure to approximately the same elevation in each lift.
結(jié)構(gòu)物周邊：在臨近結(jié)構(gòu)物周邊均勻地鋪設(shè)原土和借土土料，至要求的標(biāo)高。要留意通過在建筑物周邊每次都均勻鋪設(shè)同樣標(biāo)高的填土，來防止回填土的楔形作用反作用在結(jié)構(gòu)物上
3. Trenches: Provide satisfactory soil containing no rocks or stone greater than 50 mm in size and free of other deleterious material. Pipe embedment material is specified in the pipe utilities specification sections.
地溝：提供不包含粒徑大于50mm，以及其他有害物質(zhì)的合格土料。用于埋設(shè)管道的材料在管道設(shè)施說明中有明確指定
3.05 COMPACTION 夯實(shí)
A. General: Control soil compaction during construction, providing the minimum percentage of density specified for each area classification listed below.
總則：在施工過程中控制土的夯實(shí)，以獲取下列每個(gè)區(qū)域類別的最小百分比密實(shí)度
B. Percentages of Density Requirements and Area Classifications: Compact soil for each area classification to the percentages for maximum dry densities and relative densities indicated in Table 3.05/A herein.
密實(shí)度百分比要求和區(qū)域分類：夯實(shí)每類區(qū)域的土層至最大干密度和3.05表中所列的相對(duì)密實(shí)度
C. Moisture Control: 濕度控制：
1. Where the subgrade or layer of soil material must be moisture-conditioned before compaction, uniformly apply water to the surface of subgrade or layer of soil material. Apply water in a manner to prevent free water appearing on the surface during compaction operations.
打夯之前，在一些基底或土層料必須進(jìn)行濕度調(diào)節(jié)的地方，要向基底或每層土料上均勻?yàn)⑺?。在壓?shí)作業(yè)期間，灑水應(yīng)避免表面積水
2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material that is too wet to permit compaction to specified density.
清除和替換，或翻松和晾曬那些太濕的很難壓實(shí)至規(guī)定密實(shí)度的土料
3. Soil material that has been removed because it is too wet to permit compaction may be stockpiled or spread in approved locations and permitted to dry. Assist drying by harrowing or pulverizing, until the moisture content is reduced to a satisfactory value as determined by moisture-density relation tests.
對(duì)于那些 因?yàn)樘珴耠y以被壓實(shí)，而被清除的土料，應(yīng)在指定的地方將其堆放或散開并晾干?？梢越柚宜苫蚺閹推淞栏?，直到含水量減少至通過含水量—密度關(guān)系測(cè)試所確定的滿意值，
4. Moisture in compacted fill or backfill material shall be maintained within 2% above or below the optimum moisture content as determined by BS 1377.
夯實(shí)后的填土或回填土中的含水量應(yīng)保持在BS 1377中所確定的 最佳含水量2%上下
COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS 壓實(shí)要求
AREA CLASSIFICATION COHESIONLESS SOIL COHESIVE SOIL
BS 1377 Relative Density BS 1377 Degree of
Compaction
區(qū)域分類 非粘性土 BS 1377 粘性土
相對(duì)密實(shí)度 BS 1377 壓實(shí)度
Under foundations and slabs 77% 97%
on grade of buildings
基礎(chǔ)底部和建筑地面樓板下部Trenches and Walkways
地溝和人行道a- Top 400 mm of subgrade
地基面層 400 mm 75% 95%
b- Each layer more than 400 mm below subgrade 70% 90%
地基以下大于400 mm范圍內(nèi)的每一鋪土層
3.06 FINISH GRADING 最后修整
A. General: Uniformly grade all areas within the limits of grading under this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth the finished surfaces within the specified tolerances, compact and provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are shown, or between such points and existing grades.
總則：對(duì)包括臨近過渡區(qū)域在內(nèi)的和整平范圍內(nèi)的所有區(qū)域進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一整平。將最終面層平整至規(guī)定的誤差范圍之內(nèi)，夯實(shí)并在那些標(biāo)注標(biāo)高的點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)，或在這些點(diǎn)與原有地面之間修整成統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)高或坡度。
B. Compaction: After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to the depth and required percentage of maximum density.
夯實(shí)：在修整完之后，夯實(shí)規(guī)定的深度范圍內(nèi)的土層，并達(dá)到規(guī)定的最大密度百分比
3.07 ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT: 白蟻防治
A. The Contractor/Specialised Sub-contractor shall follow the principle of creating a toxic barrier within the soil beneath and around the buildings, through which termites cannot pass. All internal and external backfill shall be treated prior to casting ground slabs.
承包商和專業(yè)分包商應(yīng)按在底部土壤之內(nèi)和建筑物周邊建立起毒性屏障的原則，這種屏障使得白蟻難以通過。在澆筑混凝土地板前，所有建筑物內(nèi)部或外部的回填土都必須經(jīng)過處理
B. Particular emphasis shall be given to site cleanliness during the works and the Contractor is to ensure that no timber cardboard or other cellulose containing materials discharged during the work are left in or on the ground on completion of the project.
應(yīng)該對(duì)在施工期間場(chǎng)地的清理做特別強(qiáng)調(diào)，承包商應(yīng)確保土料中沒有包含那些在施工過程中被遺棄的木質(zhì)硬紙板或其它纖維素材料，或在項(xiàng)目結(jié)束時(shí)留在地面上
C. The contractor shall ensure that the treated areas shall not be disturbed by relevelling, digging or earth filling once the treatment is completed as this will diturb the chemical barrier. In case the treated areas are disturbed (in any way), the area shall be retreated to restore the chemical barrier at the Contrator’s expense.
承包商應(yīng)確保一旦處理結(jié)束后，不會(huì)因重新整平，開挖或填土而擾動(dòng)那些經(jīng)過處理的區(qū)域，因?yàn)檫@將破壞這種化學(xué)屏障。假如這些區(qū)域被擾動(dòng)（用任何方式），那么承包商應(yīng)自費(fèi)對(duì)這些區(qū)域應(yīng)進(jìn)行重新處理以恢復(fù)這種化學(xué)屏障
3.08 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL 場(chǎng)地質(zhì)量控制
A. Quality Control Testing During Construction: 施工過程中的質(zhì)量控制測(cè)試
1. Inspect and perform all testing and retesting to ensure that all the works conform to the specified requirements including evenness of surface tests and field density tests.
檢查和進(jìn)行所有測(cè)試，以及重新測(cè)試以確保所有施工均符合指定的要求，包括地面平整度測(cè)試和場(chǎng)地密實(shí)度測(cè)試
2. Inspect and ensure that all subgrade and fill layers conform to the specified requirements and obtain Engineer approval before further construction is performed thereon.
在下道施工開始前，檢查和確保所有地基和填土層均符合指定的要求，并獲得工程師同意
3. Perform field density tests, in accordance with BS 1377
依據(jù)BS 1377，對(duì)場(chǎng)地密實(shí)度進(jìn)行測(cè)試
4. Trenches: 地溝
a. Make at selected locations at least one field density test of subgrade for every 200m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per days operation.
對(duì)于每一個(gè)200m2的區(qū)域，至少在一處場(chǎng)地選擇一些位置進(jìn)行地基密實(shí)度測(cè)試，但無論在任何情況下，在每天的施工過程中至少要進(jìn)行3次測(cè)試
b. In each compacted backfill or fill layer make at selected locations at least one field density test for every 200m2 area but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation.
在每200m2區(qū)域，在每一壓實(shí)的回填土和填土層中至少應(yīng)在一塊場(chǎng)地上選擇一處進(jìn)行密實(shí)度測(cè)試，但無論在何種情況下，在每天的施工過程中至少要進(jìn)行不少于3次的測(cè)試
5. Walkways: Make at selected locations at least one field density test of subgrade or finish grade for every 500m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation. In each compacted fill layer make at selected location at least one (1) field density test for every 500 m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation.
人行道：，至少在一塊場(chǎng)地內(nèi)選定一些位置對(duì)基底或完工后的地面進(jìn)行密實(shí)度測(cè)試，但無論在何種情況下，在每天的施工過程中至少要進(jìn)行不少于3次的測(cè)試。在每500m2區(qū)域內(nèi)，在每一壓實(shí)的填土層中，至少在一塊場(chǎng)地上選擇一些位置進(jìn)行密實(shí)度測(cè)試，但無論在何種情況下，在每天的施工過程中至少要進(jìn)行不少于3次的測(cè)試。
6. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, based on reports and inspection, the subgrade or fills which have been placed are below the specified density, provide additional compaction and testing until satisfactory results are obtained.
如果，根據(jù)工程師的意見，基于檢測(cè)報(bào)告和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查，基礎(chǔ)或已回填的填土低于所規(guī)定的密實(shí)度，就要進(jìn)行額外的夯實(shí)和測(cè)試，直到獲得滿意的結(jié)果
B. Contractor’s Control of Anti-Termite Treatment Works:
承包商對(duì)白蟻防治工程的監(jiān)控
1. The Contractor shall control the works of the anti-termite treatment specialized contractor and make sure that the Sub-contractor conducts the treatment works in accordance with the method statement submitted and approved by the Engineer.
承包商應(yīng)掌控白蟻防治專業(yè)承包商的工作，且確保該分包商是按照其提交上來并獲得工程師批準(zhǔn)的方法陳述來開展防治工作
2. Following completion works, the Contractor shall submit a counter-guarantee, in addition to that submitted by the specialized anti-termite treatment Sub-contractor, stating that the works have been carried out in accordance with the drawings and specifications and that the said structure shall be guaranteed free from termite infestation for a minimum period of 10 (ten) years from the issue of the completion certificate.
隨著防控工作的結(jié)束，承包商應(yīng)提交一份保證書，并附上專業(yè)白蟻防治分包公司保證書，聲明防治工作依據(jù)圖紙和技術(shù)說明已得到執(zhí)行，以及能保證從完工證明書發(fā)出時(shí)算起，所說的結(jié)構(gòu)最少在10內(nèi)年不會(huì)受到白蟻侵害
3.09 TOLERANCES 偏差
A. Shape the surface of the areas under pavement, parking areas, walkways and shoulders to line, grade and cross-section with the finish surface not more than 20 mm above or below the required subgrade elevation, compacted as specified, and graded to prevent ponding of water after rains.
將鋪面區(qū)，停車區(qū)，人行道和路肩下面的區(qū)域表面整形成直線形，平整面和規(guī)則截面，且最終表面誤差不超過所規(guī)定的基底標(biāo)高±20mm
3.10 MAINTENANCE 成品維護(hù)
A. Protection of subgrade: Protect subgrade from traffic and erosion, and keep free of trash and debris. Repair and re-establish grades in settled, eroded and rutted areas to the specified tolerances.
地基保護(hù)：保護(hù)地基避免車行和侵蝕，和沒有垃圾和殘?jiān)?。整修和重建那些因沉降，侵蝕和車壓過的區(qū)域至到達(dá)到規(guī)定的誤差
B. Reconditioning Compacted Areas: Where completed compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or adverse weather, scarify the surface, reshape, and compact to the required density and re-test to ensure compliance with the specified requirements, prior to further construction.
重修 壓實(shí)區(qū)：在后續(xù)施工開始前，對(duì)那些因連續(xù)的施工作業(yè)或惡劣的天氣而被侵?jǐn)_的壓實(shí)區(qū)域，應(yīng)翻松地表，重新整修和壓實(shí)至規(guī)定的密實(shí)度，并
重新測(cè)試以確保滿足規(guī)定的要求
3.11 DISPOSAL OF EXCESS AND WASTE MATERIALS 處理多余的土和廢料
A. Dispose of excess and waste material to approved dumping areas as directed.
按指示，在允許堆放的地方處理多余土料和廢料
